Wp/nyn/Aristotle
| sex or gender | male  |
|---|---|
| name in native language | Ἀριστοτέλης |
| given name | Aristotelis |
| family name | no value |
| date of birth | 384 BCE |
| place of birth | Stageira |
| date of death | 322 BCE |
| place of death | Chalcis |
| manner of death | natural causes |
| cause of death | intestinal disease |
| place of burial | Stageira |
| father | Nicomachus |
| sibling | Arimneste, Arimnestos |
| spouse | Pythias |
| unmarried partner | Herpyllis |
| child | Nicomachus, Pythias |
| relative | Nicomachus |
| languages spoken, written or signed | Ancient Greek |
| writing language | Attic Greek |
| occupation | philosopher |
| field of work | philosophy, natural philosophy |
| educated at | Platonic Academy |
| student of | Plato |
| residence | Athens, Athens, Assos |
| work location | Chalcis |
| ethnic group | Greeks |
| medical condition | stuttering |
| handedness | left-handedness |
| movement | peripatetic school |
| culture | Ancient Greece |
| owner of | Aristotle's library, lyceum |
| attested in | Mare Magnum volume 82 |
| maintained by WikiProject | WikiProject Mathematics |
| copyright status as a creator | copyrights on works have expired |
| Stack Exchange tag | https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/tags/aristotle |
Aristotle ( 384–322 BC) akaba ari omunyabwengye kandi omuhangu omu by'obuhangwa omuri Greece - Bugriika eya ira. Ebi yaahandiikire bikaba birimu ebintu bingi ebirikukwata aha sayansi, obunyabwengye, orurimi, eby'entatsya, eby'obutegyeki, eby'emitwarize y'abantu, hamwe n'eby'emikono. Nk'omutandiki w'eishomero ry'obunyabwengye erya Peripatetic omuri Lyceum omuri Atene, akatandikaho obunyabwengye bwa Aristotelian obwakuratiire, obwareeteire sayansi ey'omurembe kubaho.
Tihariho bingi ebirikumanywa aha magara ga Aristotle. Akazaarwa omu rurembo rwa Stagira omu matemba ga Bugriika omu bwire bw'obuhangwa bw'obuhangwa, kandi ishe, Nikomakusi, akafa obu yaabaire akiri muto, reero yaayororwa omuntu ondiijo. Aha myaka nka ikumi na munaana, akaza omu ishomero rya Plato omuri Atene, kandi yaagumayo kuhitsya obu yaahikize emyaka makumi ashatu na mushanju (nk'omu gwa 347 BC). Ahonaaho bwanyima ya Plato kufa, akaruga Atene, kandi ahabw'okushaba kwa Filipo II owa Macedoniya, akatandika kwegyesa mutabani we Alexander the Great kuruga omu gwa 343 BC. Akatandikaho eibikiro ry'ebitabo omuri Lyceum, ekyamuhwereire kukora ebitabo bingi aha mizingo ya papyrus.
N'obu kiraabe kitarikumanywa gye, ebiteekateeko bya Aristotle bikahindura munonga obwegyese bw'omu myaka ya ira. Obuhangwa bwe, n'obu bwabaire nibukira kuba obw'omugasho, bukagumaho kuhitsya omu bwire bw'okwetegyereza kw'omurembe hamwe n'ebiteekateeko nka classical mechanics bikatandikwaho. Akakora kihango aha nyegyesa y'obunyabwengye, kandi n'obunaku obu, nibukigambwaho omu nyegyesa y'emitwarize y'abantu.
Amagara
[edit | edit source]Okutwarira hamwe, ebirikukwata aha magara ga Aristotle tibikamanyirwe gye. Ebyafaayo by'abantu ebyahandiikirwe ira buriijo nibiteebereza kandi ab'ebyafaayo nibaikirizana aha nshonga nkye ezirikumanywa munonga. [A] Aristotle akazaarwa omuri 384 BC[B] omuri Stagira, Chalcidice,[2] kiromita nka 55 omu burugwa izooba bwa Thessaloniki eya hati.[3][4] Akaba ari mutabani wa Nicomachus, omushaho w'omugabe Amyntas owa Macedon,[5] hamwe na Phaestis, omukazi owabaire naaruga Chalcis, Euboea.[6] Nikigambwa ngu Nicomachus akaba ari omwe aha bashaho b'ekibiina kya Asclepiadae kandi naabaasa kuba niwe yaareeteire Aristotle kukunda eby'obuhangwa hamwe n'eby'emibazi. [7] Ebyafaayo ebya ira nibigira ngu ab'eka ya Aristotle bakaba nibaruga omu bantu abarikumanywa nk'abashaho Asclepius hamwe na mutabani we Machaon.[8] Abazaire ba Aristotle bombi bakafa akiri muto kandi Proxenus owa Atarneus akaba omureeberezi we. [9] N'obu haraabe hatariho bingi ebirikumanywa ebirikukwata aha buto bwa Aristotle, naabaasa kuba yaamazire obwire omu kibuga ekikuru kya Macedon, arikukora emikago n'obugabe bwa Macedon. [10]
Eishomero rya Aristotle omuri Mieza, Macedonia, Greece Aha myaka ikumi na mushanju nari ikumi na munaana, Aristotle akaza omuri Asiya Nkye omuri Athens kugumizamu n'emishomo ye aha ishomero rya Plato. [11] Akatunga ekitiinisa nk'omucondoozi kandi omwegyesa, yaatunga ekitiinisa kya "omutwe gw'eishomero" kuruga owa mwegyesa we Plato. [12] Obu yaabaire ari omuri Athens, nikigambwa ngu akareeba ebirikukwata aha mikoro y'omu kishengye kya Eleusis, nk'oku yaahandiikire arikushoboorora aha bintu ebi omuntu arikureeba omu mikoro egyo, "okureeba n'okwega" (παθεĩν μαθεĩν). [13] Obu yaabaire ari omuri Asiya Nkye, Aristotle hamwe[na] mutaahi we Theophrastus bakakora okucondooza kwingi omu by'obuhangwa bw'ebimera hamwe n'eby'omu maizi, ebi baakozireho bwanyima. [E] Obu yaabaire ari Asiya Nkye, Aristotle ham[na] mukundwa we Pythias bakashwerana. Pythias akaba ari muhara wa Hermias owa Atarneus, owaakuzire.
Omu 343/42 BC, Aristotle akeetwa Pella Philip II owa Macedon kuba omwegyesa w'omutabani we ow'emyaka ikumi n'eshatu Alexander;[19] okucwamu okurikubaasa kuba kwabaire kurimu enkoragana y'eka ya Aristotle n'obugabe bwa[20] Omu bwire obu yaabaire ari Asiya Nkye, Aristotle hamwe[na] munywani we Theophrastus bakakora okucondooza kwingi omu by'obuhangwa bw'ebimera hamwe n'eby'omu maizi, ebi baak
Nk'omukozi, Aristotle akaba atarikubaasa kugira ebintu omuri Athens kandi akapangisa ekyombeko ekirikumanywa nka Lyceum (ekirikumanywa nka sacred grove ya Apollo Lykeios), ahu yaataireho eishomero rye. Ekyombeko kikaba kirimu ekishengye ky'okukoreramu emirimo hamwe n'omuzigiti (peripatos), kuruga ahu eishomero ryatungire eiziina Peripatetic. Aristotle akaba naashomesa abeegi bakye ab'omutaano kandi hamwe nabo, nka Theophrastus, Eudemus, hamwe na Aristox[1]enus, bakombeka eibikiro ry'ebitabo eririmu ebihandiiko, maapu, hamwe n'ebintu by'omu myuziyamu. Obu yaabaire ari omuri Athens, omukazi we Pythias akafa kandi Aristotle yaatandika kukwana na Herpyllis owa Stagira. Bakazaara omwana ou Aristotle yaayeta Nikomakusi, arikumwijuka ishe. Obwire obu yaabaire ari omuri Athens, ahagati ya 335 na 323 BC, nibwo bateekateeka ngu Aristotle yaahandiikire bingi aha bihandiiko bye by'obufirosoofo. Akahandiika ebitabo bingi eby'okugaaniiraho, kandi ebicweka byabyo nibyo byonka ebirikubaasa kuba byahonokireho. Ebitabo ebyahonokireho ni eby'omutaano kandi tibirikuteekateekwaho kuba byabaire bigyendereire kushohozibwa munonga; buriijo nibiteekateekwaho kuba byabaire biri eby'okwegyesa abeegi be. Ebitabo bye eby'omutaano ebirikubaasa kuba byahonokireho ni Physics, Metaphysics, Nicom[2]achan Ethics, Politics, On the Soul hamwe na Poetics. Aristotle akeega kandi yaakora empindahinduka y'amaani omu "ebirikukwata aha nshonga, ebirikukwata aha bintu, okubara, eby'obuhangwa, eby'omu maizi, ebirikukwata aha mitwarize y'abantu, eby'obutegyeki, eby'obuhingi n'oburiisa, eby'obujanjabi, okuzina, hamwe n'emizaano."