Wp/nyn/Alur people

Alur people

ethnic group
country	Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo
coordinate location	1°0′43″N 31°18′1″E

Abantu ba Alur abakumanywa nga Abaluri n'oruganda rw'abantu abarikutuura omu mateemba g'oburengyerwa-izooba bwa Uganda hamwe n'omu mateemba g'oburugwa-izooba bwa Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Nibamwe aha bantu b'ekika kya Luo.

Omuri Uganda, nibatuura munonga omu disiturikiti ya Nebbi, Zombo, Pakwach na Arua, kandi omuri DRC, nibatuura munonga omu matemba ga nyanja Albert. Omu mwaka gwa 2014, hakaba hariho abantu 800,000 abarikwetwa Abaluri omuri Uganda, hamwe n'obukaikuru munaana abarikwetwa Abaluri omuri DRC.Abantu abarikuruga omu ihanga rya Alur bari omu nsi yoona.

Rwoth (omu Rungyereza, "Omugabe") w'Obukama bwa Alur oburiho hati ni Rwoth Ubimu Phillip Rauni Olarker III.

Orurimi

Abantu baingi omu guruupu baragamba orurimi rwa Alur, orurimi orurikukwatanisa na Acholi, Adhola, hamwe n'endimi za Luo. Abamwe omu Alur nibagamba Orulendu nainga Orukebu. Abantu ba Alur abarikutuura omu myanya y'ahaiguru (Okoro) baragamba orurimi orurikutaana kakye n'orw'abo abarikutuura omu myanya y'ahansi (Jonam), kandi nikibaasa kugumira omuntu orikutuura omu myanya y'ahaiguru kwetegyereza gye abanyabuzaare be abarikutuura omu myanya y'ahansi.

Obukama

Obukama bwa Alur, oburikumanywa nka "Ker Alur,"Nikiteekateekwaho kuba obugabe bwonka obutarateganisiibwe okuzibirwa kwa omu mwaka gwa1966 okw'obugabe bw'obuhangwa. Abagabe b'Abahima boona nibetwa "Rwoth", nk'oku abakuru b'Abaluo boona barikwetwa, kandi nibatwarwa nk'abagabe kurugiirira aha migyenzo y'obugabe. Ekitiinisa "Ubimu" nikikoresibwa kumanyisa omugabe okutashushana n'abandi bakuru omu bugabe.

Omugabe oriho obwahati, Rwoth Ubimu Phillip Rauni Olarker III, akatwarwa nk'omugabe omu mwaka gwa 2010 kandi aine ekitebe kye ekikuru ahari Kaal Atyak Winam, omu disiturikiti ya Zombo, Uganda. Obwahati ayehaireyo kugarukanisa abantu b'obugabe bwa Alur omu bugabe hamwe n'abari aheeru y'obugabe. Ebigyendererwa birimu okutunguura ebyentatsya hamwe n'okurinda abaishiki n'abakazi hamwe n'okumaraho okushwerwa kwabaana bato. Omu myaka egi, omugabe atebekaniise empaka z'eby'emizaano y'eby'obuhangwa kugira ngu abantu bagarukane hamwe, ahu abashaija n'abakazi barikuhakana.

Omwe aha banyabuzaare b'omugabe omushaija, niwe mukuru w'eihanga, ow'akabiri ahari omugabe.saabaminisita oriho obwahati ni mukuru w'engoma Lawrence Opar Angala Jadipu. Omugabekazi oriho hati, Rotzette Keronega, nawe n'omuntu w'amaani omu by'obutegyeki.

Obwahati obugabe bwa Alur burimu obugabe 64, munaana aharibwo biri omuri DRC kandi 56 biri omuri Uganda. Abajungu ku baabandize kuhika, abantu ba Alur bakaba batebekanisiibwe omu butware bwingi, okukira munonga obu: Angal, Juganda, Jukoth, Musongwa, Panyimur, Ragem, Ruvinga, Mukambo, War, Palara, Panduru, Ukuru, Paidha, Padea, Panyikang'o, Mambisa n'ebindi.

Omugabe wa Angal obwahati ni Rwoth Djalaure Serge II. Akasikira ishe Kamanda owafiire omu mwaka gwa 1998.

Ebyafaayo, eby'obutegyeki hamwe n'emituurire y'enganda

Obukama bwa Alur oburikukirayo obuhango kandi obukuru, nibwo Bukama bwa Ukuru, obwabaire burimu abashaija abakuru 10,000 omu mwaka gwa 1914, nobu Alur yaabaire neebara aboojo abari ahagati y’emyaka 14 nka abashaija. Obukama bwa Ukuru nk'ekintu ky'omutaano bukatandikwaho omuri 1630 nk'okugumizamu n'obugabe bwa Atyak obwabaire butakabaganisemu obu Ngira yaabaire ari omugabe, Omwe aha b'oruganda rwa Atyak, nk'omugabe obu baabaire nibafuruka bakaruga omu kisharara kya Nebbi ekiriho hati, baahika omu nsi y'omumishozi eya Zombo Disiturikiti omuri Uganda na Ituri omuri Congo. Bakatwara eitaka kuruga aha bantu b'enzaarwa abarikuruga omuri Bantu na Sudanic. Ekicweka kikahinduka eky'Abaluri.

Abaijukuru b'abashaija ba Bantu ab'okubanza hati n'eka ya Abira. Obuzaare bw'abakazi nibukira kubaho omuri Ukuru. Obukama bwa Ukuru bukakura omu kuhayahayana n'obukama obundi obwabaire nibubukorera otwariiremu Paidha na PaNduru.Enganda ezindi zikatwarwa kimwe n'okugabirwa ebyokurya, abakazi, n'abashaija b'okurinda eitaka ryabo.

Obukama bwa Paidha bukatandikwa Magwar, murumuna wa Ngira kandi mutabani wa Omyer Dhyang. Abantu b'omu kicweka ekyo abaabaire batari Balooya ku baamwibire omu muringo gw'obugabe bw'Abaloya kugira ngu bagire omugabe omu bantu baabo, kugira ngu barekye kubonabonesibwa omutegyeki waabo.Eki kikareetera omugabe w'Abaluri obwo, Omyer Dyangu kwikiriza omutabani kugira obugabe bw'okureeberera abantu be abasya, kandi ebigambo bye aha kubuzaho omutabani bikareetera obugabe obwo kwetwa, Paidha ekirikumanyisa ngu "ekika ky'abanyagi" kurugiirira aha kunyaga omutabani.

Obukama bwa PaNduru bukatandikwaho Nduru, omunyabuzaare wa Omyer Dhyang hamwe na ishento wa Ngira na Magwar ahabw'obutaikirizana obu Nduru yaarugaho na banyabuzaare be babiri abu barikweta baishenkurubo ab'obuzaare bwa Pagei na PaMinya n'obu ekika kya Pagei kirikuba kyagarukire omuri Ukuru. Eki nikishoboorora okujanjaara kw'ebika ebirikugambwaho omu butegyeki obutari bumwe na bumwe. Kwonka okwahukana kw'abanyabuzaare aba, kukareetaho okuhayahayana okwamazire ebyasha bingi, okwabaire kubaho obumwe kandi kuhwaho kurugiirira aha mbeera ezabaire ziriho.

Omu mwaka gwa 1789, Ukuru akasingura PaNduru, ekyamureteire kuba omukuru w'abakuru w'Abaluri orikukirayo. Kumara emyaka mingi, Ukuru niyo yaabaire eri ey'amaani, erimu abantu baingi, kandi niyo yaabaire eri empango omu butegyeki bwa Alur. Kumara emyaka mingi eka ya Atyak ebaire neereeberera mukuru w'ekyaro. Abantu ba Alur bakaba baine obutegyeki bw'amaani. Bakaba baine emyanya mingi y'obutegyeki omu bantu b'ekikura kimwe.

Obukuru omu bantu bukaba nibwegamira aha bintu bingi, okuhamira aha kintu, omuhendo gw'abanywani n'abanyabuzaare (abanywani), okukora gye aha mirimo y'abashaija ey'okwehimbisa (orutaro, okurambura, okuhiiga, n'okujuba). Omuringo gw'okutegyeka, tikirikubaasa kuragwa. Kwonka omushaija owaabaire aine ishe w'amaani, akaba aine ab'eishe - emwe, abanyabuzaare, n'ab'eka ye baingi kandi akaba naabaasa kuronda abanywani. Kwonka okutwarira hamwe, buri musheija akaba aine omugisha gw'okuhika aha rurengo rw'ahaiguru ahabw'okugira emitwarize mirungi.

Amagana g'Abaluri, omu mazima, n'obuhangwa bwingi. Ebirugire omu kuteera akaruuru birimu abashaija baingi, boona abarikuruga omu musheija omwe. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, eka ya Parombo (patrilineage) omu ruganda rwa Ukuru, ekaba erimu abashaija 2000 omuri 1949. Ebirikukwata aha bantu aba tibihikire. Nk'eky'okureeberaho, oruganda rwa Ukuru rukaba rurimu abashaija 2000 omu mwaka gwa 1949. N'amazima, okuhindahinduka kubaireho, kwonka okutwarira hamwe, nitubaasa kwesiga ekishushani eki abarikuruga omu ruganda rwa Alur barikworeka aha ntwaza y'abazaire baabo. Enganda ezindi ezirikumanywa munonga omu ihanga rya Alur harimu enganda nka Palei, Patek Puduk, Pakia, Ukuru, Anyola hamwe na Juloka. Aba nibo bari haihi na Kabaka omuri Atyak. Ebindi ebirikukira kuba eby'omugasho omu migyenzo kwonka bitari haihi na Atyak harimu Pagei, Panywer, Parombo, Pangieth, Padere, Panyonga n'ebindi. Ebi byona nibikora ebika bya Luo ebya ira, nobu bimwe biri eby'obugabe.

Okuba omukuru kikaba kiine emigasho mingi omu bantu ba Alur. Barikuteekateeka ngu nibaija kuheebwa ekitiinisa n'okusiimwa, abashaija ab'amaani bakaba baba baine kubanza kurya eby'okurya by'omutaano, okukira munonga eby'okurya by'ekitiinisa nka enyama n'amaarwa. Abashaija b'amaani bakaba baine ente nyingi, kandi ahabw'okugira ngu abashaija Abaaluuru bakaba bashashura ebintu by'okugura omukazi barikukoresa ente, abashaija b'amaani bakaba baine abakazi baingi kandi n'abaana baingi. Omukuru w'oruganda akaba aine abaana baingi kukira abandi omu ruganda. Nk'oku kyabaire kiri buriijo, hakaba hariho obugabe bw'okukora eki orikwenda, ahabw'okuba abashaija ab'ahansi bakaba nibabaasa kuba abasinguzi omu kuriisa ente, n'ahabw'ekyo bakaba nibabaasa kutunga abakazi, kwonka obugabe bwabo bukaba nibweyongyera.

Abashaija bakaba baguma omu ruganda oru baazaarwamu, kwonka abakazi bakashwera abashaija kuruga omu ruganda orundi, reero baaza omu ruganda rw'abashaija baabo. Abakazi bakye munonga bakashwera abashaija kuruga omu nganda zaabo, ahabw'okuba Abaaluura bakaba baine ebiragiro by'amaani ebirikuzibira okuteerana kw'ab'omuka emwe. Buri musheija omu ruganda rwe akaba atashemereire kushwerwa, oihireho obu yaabaire ari ow'ahare.Okushaba kw'omushaija kuruga omu ruganda rwe nikwo kwabaire kureka omukazi w'omu ruganda rwa Alur kuguma omu ruganda rwe.

Eby'obuhangwa

Omu migyenzo mingi y'Abaluri, okuzina kwa Agwara nikumanywa munonga.

N'ekyeshongoro ky'obugabe ekirikukorwa omu maisho ga kabaka omu mikoro y'ekyaro, kandi kirikukorwa abashaija n'abakazi.

Ebya burizooba

Omu buhangwa, Aba Alur nibatuura omu butaaho bw'obunyasi. Amaka g'ab'oruganda rwa Alur gari ahagati y'ekicweka kyabo. Eki nikihwera omu kuguma nibategyeka ekyanga. Abaluri bakaba bari abahingi kandi abariisa. Abaluri bakahinga (kandi nibahinga) ebicoori, muhogo, ebihimba, emboga hamwe n'ebihimba. Bakaba barinda ente, embuzi hamwe n'enkoko. Embuzi n'enkoko bikaba biri eby'okurya by'omugasho. Ebindi by'obugaiga bikuru bikaba biri omwonyo, ebibira hamwe n'enyamaishwa z'omu kishaka ebyabaire birinzirwe kuruga omu nganda ezindi. Omu bwire bw'ekyanda, okujuba kukaba kuri okw'omugasho. Enyamaishwa nyingi ezi Abaluri barikukira kuyigga nk'oburugo bw'enyama obw'akabiri kugira ngu barekye kumaraho embuzi n'enkoko zaabo ezaabaire niziruga omu myanya y'obunyasi.

Omu bantu ba Alur, abashaija bakaba barinda amatungo g'omuka, bahinga ebihingwa, bakombeka obutaaho, bahiiga, bashoha, kandi bakaba nibategyeka eby'obutegyeki. Abakazi bakaba baine obujunanizibwa bw'okureeberera enju, okureeberera abaana hamwe n'okuteeka. Emirimo y'abashaija eri aha bwire bw'amaani (nk'okuhiga omurundi gumwe omu kwezi). Abashaija n'abakazi nibashororwa Abaluri, abashaija n'abakazi baine obutaaho butarikushushana, abashaija barara batarikushushana n'abakazi hamwe n'abaana. Nabo nibarya omu miringo etarikushushana.

Abakazi n'abashaija tibarikukira kugira omukago omu bantu.Emicwe egi terikugyemeserezibwa abashaija, kwonka nikigambwa ngu n'eky'omugasho aha bakazi okukyendeeza okukwatanisa n'abashaija. Eki nikikorwa ahabw'okutiina okutuntuzibwa hamwe n'okugira eihari. Okutwarira hamwe, abashaija ba Alur nibakwatanisa kandi baine omukago murungi n'abashaija b'oruganda rwabo. Nibahiiga, nibahinga, nibashoha, nibaza omu ntaro, nibariisa, kandi nibakorera hamwe kurwanisa abarikubahakanisa. Ahabw'okugira ngu abashaija b'Abaluri nibaguma omu ruganda oru barikuzaarirwamu, kandi abakazi baraza omu ruganda rw'abashaija baabo, abashaija b'Abaluri nibakira kuba abantu b'abantu, baine abanywani baingi, kandi baine emikago mingi. Eki n'ekintu kikuru munonga omu kwebembera abashaija omu Alur.

Abantu b'omugasho omu Alur

Omukuru Amula (1871–1942)

Amula akazaarwa omu ruganda rwa Atyak nka mutabani wa Alworunga na Acroama. bok Ucweda akaba aine obwire bukye omu by'obutegyeki bw'oruganda rwa Ukuru. Eki tikirabaasize kugambwa aha batabani be. Ugena akaba amazire emyaka etaano (1845–1850) ari omugabe atakabingirwe arikuhwerwa murumuna we Nziri, ishenkuru wa Amula. Ishe Alworunga akaba naamanywa nk'omurwani w'amaani ow'oruganda rwa Ukuru. Batabani ba Alworunga bashatu: Amatho, Kubi na Avur nabo bakaba abakuru b'amaani, abarikuheebwa ekitiinisa kandi baine emyanya yaabo omuri Ukuru. Bana ahari barumuna ba Amula, otwariiremu na barumuna be boona, Aryem, nabo bakaba ab'amaani. Amula akakurira omu rutaro rwa 1878 orwabaire nirwetwa Ukuru-Panduru oru aba Ukuru baasingirwe kandi abashaija baabo 600 bakafa omu biro bikye by'okurwana kw'amaani. Ishe wa Amula Alworunga akokyebwa ahurire amahe ga Panduru agarikwebemberwa mukuru waabo Ujuru. Amula akakura yaaba omushaija w'amaani owaayeyongyeire omu by'obuhangwa kuruga aha myaka 15. Omu mwaka gwa 1890, aha myaka 19, akatooranwa nk'omukuru w'ekyanga kya Ukuru. Ahonaaho akatandika orutaro n'oruganda rwa Panduru kandi yaabaasa kuhorera okufa kwa ishe. Bwanyima, akagumya obutegyeki bwe ahari Ukuru obwo arikukora endagaano n'ebindi bika by'obutegyeki ebyabaire biine amaani, okukira munonga n'ekya Palei, Parombo hamwe n'ebicweka by'ekya Patek. Akaba naabaasa kugyendera aha bushagiki bw'abashaija bingi. Amula akareebeka nk'omukuru murungi, ow'amaani kwonka aine embabazi. Akaba ari omuhangu omu ntaro ahabw'okuba akaba naabaasa kugira obumwe n'ebika ebindi. Akaba ari eiraka ry'obwengye obu Abangyereza baizire omu mwaka gwa 1914, arikugyemesereza abantu obutabarwanisa. Akabingwa Abangyereza omu mwaka gwa 1917 ahabw'okutakuratira ebiragiro byabo, kwonka akagarurwa omu mwaka gwa 1922. Akafeera omu mwaka gwa 1942, akaba akiri omuhangu kandi arikukundwa. Nka mukuru w'ekyaro, Amula akaba aine abakazi baingi n'abaana. Omwana we Jalusiga (1896–1978) akamusikira nka mukuru w'oruganda, n'obu eki kyabaire kiri ekikorwa ky'Abangyereza, kitari kucwamu kw'oruganda. Omwana we ondiijo, Jalaure (owaazairwe omu mwaka gwa 1888), akakora nk'omukuru omu mwanya gwe kuruga omu mwaka gwa 1917 kuhisya omu mwaka gwa 1922.

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