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African Great Lakes
group of lakes
native labelMaziwa Makuu, Ibiyaga bigari, Grands Lacs d’Afrique, African Great Lakes Gorora
coordinate location8°0′0″S 35°0′0″E Gorora
category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of African Great Lakes Gorora
Map

"Ekicweka kya African Great Lakes Region" . African Great Lakes Maziwa Makuu (Swahili) Ibiyaga bigari (Kinyarwanda) okureeba okurabira omu mbeho y'eizooba bya Afirika n'orunyiriri gw'enyanja ziri ahari bumosho. Ekishushani ky'omu mwanya gwa African Great Lakes hamwe n'enyanja zaayo eziri aha rubaju gw'enyanja omuri Zambezi River African Great Lakes African Great Lakes erikworeka maapu ya Africa Shows all Coordinates 8°00′00"S 35°00′00"E Type Freshwater lakes Part of East African Rift Primary outflows White obutagasi 35 °C (95 °F) Min. obutagasi 17 ku 19 °C (63 ku 66 °F) Enkora ya African Great Lakes, omu maapu y'oburuuru n'ekicweka kihango otwariire mu ekicweka kya East African Rift hamwe n'ekicweka kyoona ekiri kwetwa Great Rift Valley. African Great Lakes (Swahili: Maziwa Makuu; Kinyarwanda: Ibiyaga bigari) n'ekicweka ky'enyanja. Ekitongore kirimu enyanja ya Victoria, enyanja y'amaizi marungi kandi kabiri omu nsi yoona kurugiirira aha buhango bwayo; enyanja ya Tanganyika, enyanja y'amaizi marungi eya kabiri omu nsi yoona kurugiirira aha buhango bwayo; enyanja ya Malawi, enyanja y'amaizi marungi eya munaana omu nsi yoona kurugiirira aha buhango [1] Omurundi gumwe, gurimu amaizi ga kiromita 31,000 (7,400 cu mi), ekirikukira enyanja ya Baikal nainga enyanja enkuru omu matemba ga America. Omuhendo ogu nigukora ebicweka makumi ataano ahari igana by'amaizi g'omu itaka agatahikire. Enyanja empango omuri Afirika n'omwanya gw'obuhangwa, kandi ebicweka10% by'ebyenyanja omu nsi yoona birabituura omu kicweka eki.

Amahanga agari omu kicweka ekiri kuhereerukirwa enyanja za Great Lakes, harimu Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Zambia, Tanzania hamwe na Uganda. [2]

Enyanja n'emyanya y'okwihamu amaizi. Ebiri kukurataho nibishangwa aha rukarara rw'enyanja nkuru za Afirika, ezitairwe omu bukuku kurugiirira aha myanya y'okwihamu amaizi. Omuhendo gw'enyanja oguhikire ogurikutwarwa nk'ekicweka ky'enyanja nkuru za Afirika, nigushushana kurugiirira aha rukarara, kandi nigubaasa kutwariramu enyanja nkye omu bukuku, okukira munonga zaaba ziri omu kicweka kimwe nk'enyanja empango, nk'enyanja ya Kyoga.

Enyanja ezirikutwara amaizi omu mugyera gwa White Nile.

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  • Enyanja ya Victoria,
  • Enyanja ya Kyoga (ekicweka ky'enyanja empango kwonka etari yo yonka) "enyanja mpango")
  • Enyanja ya Albert,
  • Enyanja ya Edward

Enyanja ezirikutwara omu mugyera Congo.

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  • Tanganyika,
  • Kivu,
  • Mweru,
  • Bangwuelu

Enyanja erikutwara amaizi omu nyanja ya Zambezi.

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  • Enyanja ya Malawi, erikurabira omu mugyera Shire

Enyanja ezitarikutwara maizi omu mugyera gwona

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  • enyanja ya Turkana,
  • enyanja ya Rukwa

Ekicweka kya African Great Lakes

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Ekicweka kya African Great Lakes (ekitari kya buriijo: Greater Lakes region) kirimu amahanga ikumi agari aha rubaju rw'enyanja: Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda na Zambia. Ekigambo interlacustrine ("aha gati y'enyanja") nikibaasa kumanyiisa ekyanga, [3] nainga okukira munonga, amahanga nainga omwanya oguri aha nsharo z'enyanja. [4]

Orurimi rwa Kiswahili nirwo rurimi orurikukirayo kugambwa omu kicweka kya African Great Lakes. Nirukora nk'orurimi rw'amahanga ataano omu kicweka eki[5]: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, hamwe na Democratic Republic of Congo.

Ahabw'abantu baayo baingi, abaabaire bari kuteekwateekwa kuba nibarenga miriyoni 50 omuri 2020[6] hamwe n'obuhingi n'oburiisa obwingi omu kyanga,omwanya gukatebeekaniisibwa omu mahanga makye maingi. Obukama oburikukirayo amaani ni Buganda, Bunyoro, Karagwe, Rwanda na Burundi.

Ahabw'okugira ngu oburugo bw'omugyera Nile, hamwe n'oburugo bw'amaizi aha gati y'emigyera Nile, Congo na Zambezi, ekicweka ekyo kitwire nikishemezibwa Abangyereza. Abangyereza abaabandize kuhika omu kyanga omu muhendo gwona, bakaba bari aba Buroma abakurisitaayo abaabaire baine obusinguzi bukye omu kuhindura abantu b'omu byaro, kwonka bakiguraho ekicweka ky'amatware. Okweyongyera kukwataniisa n'ensi yoona kikareetaho endwara nyingi ezirikuteganiisa abantu n'amatungo.

Oihireho okureebwa nk'ekyanga ekirikubaasa kukora kurungi bwanyima y'okwetegyeka, ekyanga kya Great Lakes kibonaaboneesiibwe entaro z'omunda hamwe n'obutabanguriko omu myaka makumi ana aha ntandikwa y'ekyasha kya 21 (c. 19802020). Omuri 2022 ekitongore ky'amahanga geeteeraine ekirikureeberera empungi kikasiima Tanzania ahabw'okushagika n'okuhwera empungi kuruga omu mahanga agandi omu kicweka ekyo. [7]

Embeera y'obwire

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Embeera y'obwire emyanya y'ahaiguru n'ey'obutiti, obutagasi buri aha gati ya 17 °C (63 °F) na 19 °C (66 °F) hamwe n'enjura nyingi. Emigyera mikuru erikutwara amaizi omu nyanja harimu eya Congo-Zaire, Nile, hamwe na Zambezi, erikutwara amaizi omu nyanja ya Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, hamwe na Indian Ocean.

Ebibira nibyo birikukirayo omu myanya y'ahansi eya Congo-Zaire Basin, kandi ebisharara hamwe na savannas (ebisharara ebyomire) nibikira kubaho omu mashuuma n'oburugwa eizooba. Obutagasi omu myanya y'ahansi buri nka 35°C (95°F). Okwetooroora enyanja ya Turkana, embeera y'obwire n'ey'omuriro kandi n'ekyanda munonga. Obwire bukye bw'enjura omu kwezi kwa ikumi bukakuratirwa obwire buraingwa kuruga okwa kana kuhisya okwa kataano.

Ebimera n'ebinyamaishwa

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Enyanja z'omu kicweka ky'oburengyerwa-eizooba ekya Rift Valley, ziine amaizi marungi kandi n'amaka g'emiringo y'obuhangwa etarikushushana. Ebika by'ebyenyanja ebirikuhingura 1,500 nibituura omu nyanja[8], hamwe n'amaka g'ebyenyanja agandi. Enyanja nazo n'emyanya y'okutuuramu ey'omugasho aha nyamaishwa nyingi. Enjoka za Nile ni nyingi. Enyamaishwa ezirikukoreesa amabeere, harimu enjojo, enjubu hamwe n'enkyende.

Ekicweka ky'enyanja Turkana n'amaka g'ebinyonyi bingi ebirikushangwa omuri Kenya. Enyonyi erikwetwa Flamingo neetamburira omu bisharara byayo. Enkora ya East African rift nayo neekora nk'omuhanda gw'enyonyi ezirikufuruka, ezirikureeta enyonyi ezindi nyingi. Ebinyonyi nibitungwa ebishaka by'omunyanja, ebirikurya n'ebyenyanja.

Ebihingirwe nibishangwa kuruga omu kibira ky'enjura kuhisya aha mwaro ogurikwetwa savanna. Omu nyanja ezimwe, ebimera ebirikukuraakurana juba, nk'ebihumi by'omumaizi ebirikuzibira amaizi hamwe n'ebihumi ebirikuzibira enyanja, n'oburemeezi. Obwa hati obukooko oburikwetwa water hyacinth bukwasire enyanja Victoria yonka.

Eby'omwitaka

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Kuhisya emyaka miriyoni 12 enyima, amaizi maingi g'ekicweka kya equator gakaba nigatemba omu burugwa-eizooba bwa Congo River system nainga burugwa-eizooba bwa Indian Ocean. Eki kikahinduka ahabw'okutandikaho ekicweka kya Great Rift Valley. Rift n'omwanya ogutaine maani omu kifuba ky'ensi ahabw'okwahukana kw'ebicweka bibiri ebirikwetwa tectonic plates, ekirikukira kugyendera hamwe n'omwanya ogu amaizi g'enyanja garikubaasa kwerundaaniramu. Embaganiisa egi ekatandikaho obu Afirika y'oburugwa-eizooba, erikuteganiisibwa emifuregye, yaatandika kwebaganiisamu n'amahanga ga Afirika agandi, erikuza omu matemba g'oburugwa-eizooba. Ebisharara ebyarugire omu kushutama kw'eitaka, bikaijura amaizi agabaire nigatemba omu matemba.

Enyanja Nalubaale teri omu kicweka kya Rift Valley. Eri aha gati y'oburugwa-eizooba n'oburengyerwa-izooba, ekyatandikirwe okwihaho emihondano aha mbaju zaayo.

Omukugu omu by'obuhangwa

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Emyaka miriyoni ibiri na ishatu enyima, enyanja ya Turkana ekaba eri mpango kandi omwanya gukaba gurimu ebihingwa bingi, ekyarugiremu omwanya gw'abantu b'okubanza. Richard Leakey akeebembera okucondooza kw'abantu omu mwanya, ekyarugiiremu okujumburwa kw'ebisigarira bya hominin. Ekifuba 1470 ekyamazire emyaka miriyoni ibiri kikashangwa omuri 1972. Kikaba nikiteekateekwaho kuba kyabaire kiri Homo hailis, kwonka abakugu omu by'obuhangwa bw'abantu bakakiheereza ekika kisya, Homo rudolfensis, ekirikwetwa eiziina ry'enyanja (eyabaire emanyirwe nk'enyanja ya Rudolf). Omuri 1984, omwojo orikwetwa Turkana, amagufa g'omwojo orikwetwa Homo erectus gakashangwa, Omuri 1999, ekiwanga ky'emyaka 3,500,000 kikajumburwa, ekirikwetwa Kenyanthropus platyops, ekirikumanyiisa "omushaija w'amaisho ga Kenya.".

Ebyentasya

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Okujuba ebyenyanja, okukira munonga eby'ebika bya tilapia hamwe n'ebya Nile perch, nikyo kirikukiza abantu omu kyanga ekyo. Ahabw'okugira enyanja ina aha nsharo zaayo, Uganda niyo erikukirayo kugira ebyenyanja omu maizi marungi omunsi yoona. Embeera y'obwire hamwe n'eitaka ry'enshozi omu myanya y'emishozi, nibibaasiisa abantu kuhinga n'okuriisa munonga.

Eby'entaasya y'amahanga agari omu kicweka kya Great Lakes, tibirikushushana kandi biri aha rurengo rw'entunguuka etarikushushana. Entunguuka y'omuhendo gw'ebintu omu nsi yoona neetandikira ahari obucweka 8 ahari igana omuri Burundi[9] kuhika ahari 4. 4 omuri DRC. GDP[10] ya buri muntu n'ehinduka aha gati ya doora 600 omuri DRC[11] na Burundi na doora 800 omuri Uganda.[12]

Reeba n'ekishushani ky'empurizingana y'eihanga rya Afirika, enyanja z'eihanga rya Uganda, enyanja ya Tanganyika, omusisa gwa 2008, enyanja ya Kivu, omusisa omuri East Afirika Plateau, Great Oburemeezi bw'empungi omu nyanja orunyiriri rw'enyanja orurikworeka enyanja kurugiirira aha mwanya.

Ebihandiiko ebirikugambwaho

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  1. ↑ "~ZAMBIA~". www.zambiatourism.com. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
  2. ↑ "International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region". Princeton University Library. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2013). Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-135-45669-6. the fertile corridor of the Great Lakes Region (also called the interlacustrine region)
  4. ↑ "interlacustrine". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster." OCLC 1032680871 the region of Africa that is bounded by Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert, Edward, and Tanganyika"
  5. ↑ Shema, Rutagengwa Claude. "Great Lakes Region of Africa – Burundi". Author-me. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  6. ↑ Obiero, Kevin; Lawrence, Ted; Ives, Jessica; Smith, Stephanie; Njaya, Friday; Kayanda, Robert; Waidbacher, Herwig; Olago, Dan; Miriti, Evans; Hecky, R. E. (2020-10-01). "Advancing Africa's Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized, long-term, collaborative networks and partnerships". Journal of Great Lakes Research. 46 (5): 1240–1250. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2020.02.002. ISSN 0380-1330.
  7. ↑ "In Tanzania, UNHCR's Grandi urges more backing for solutions as the country continues to host refugees". UNHCR US. 27 Aug 2022. Retrieved 23 Nov 2022.
  8. ↑ Turner; Seehausen; Knight; Allender; Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?". Molecular Ecology. 10 (3): 793–806. Bibcode:2001MolEc..10..793T. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x. PMID 11298988. S2CID 12925712.
  9. ↑ "GDP growth (annual %) – Burundi". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  10. ↑ "Figure 1 – Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP ($ PPP at current prices)". OECD. doi:10.1787/266155225581. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  11. ↑ "GDP per capita (current US$) – Congo, Dem. Rep". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
  12. ↑ "GDP per capita (current US$) – Uganda". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
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