Wp/gpe/Akosua Adoma Owusu

From Wikimedia Incubator
< Wp‎ | gpe
Wp > gpe > Akosua Adoma Owusu
Akosua Adoma Owusu
human
Sex or genderfemale Edit
Country of citizenshipGhana, United States of America Edit
Name in native languageAkosua Adoma Owusu Edit
Given nameAkosua Edit
Family nameOwusu Edit
Date of birth1 January 1984 Edit
Place of birthAlexandria Edit
Languages spoken, written or signedEnglish Edit
Occupationfilm director, screenwriter, film producer, cinematographer, television producer Edit
Educated atCalifornia Institute of the Arts, University of Virginia Edit
Work period (start)2008 Edit
Participant inTabakalera Edit
Award receivedGuggenheim Fellowship Edit
Official websitehttp://akosuaadoma.com/home.html Edit

Akosua Adoma Owusu (dem born am January 1, 1984) be Ghanaian-American filmmaker den producer. Ein films explore de colliding identities of black immigrants wey dey America through multiple forms wey dey range from cinematic essays go experimental narratives go reconstructed Black popular media. If we interpret de notion of "double consciousness," wey ebi coin by sociologist den civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois, Owusu dey aim say she go create sam third cinematic space or consciousness. For ein work insyd, feminism, queerness, den African dey identities dey interact for African, white American, den black American cultural spaces insyd.[1][2]

She be current Visiting Lecturer for Harvard University den de Pratt Institute for Brooklyn, New York.

Ein early life den education

Ebi Ghanaian parents wey born Owusu wey rais dem raise am for sam immigrant community wey dey Alexandria, Virginia. She be de youngest of three siblings for Grace den Albert A. Owusu, Snr. Owusu dey hold master's degrees for de School of Film/Video den School of Fine Art from California Institute of de Arts, wey she get am for 2008 insyd.[3] She graduate plus Bachelors interdisciplinary degree for Media Studies[4] den Studio Art insyd plus distinction from de University of Virginia for 2005 insyd.[5] Owusu start ein career as post-production assistant for Chris Rock ein HBO documentary “Good Hair” (2009).[6] Soon thereafter, she transition go make ein own short, experimental films.[7]

Ein career

Shortly afta say she graduate from CalArts for 2008 insyd, na Owusu be featured artist[8][9] of de 56th Robert Flaherty Film Seminar wey renowned critic den film curator Dennis Lim programme am.[10] Indiewire name am as one of de six Avant-Garde Female Filmmakers Wey Redefine Cinema, den one of De Huffington Post‘s Black Artists: 30 Contemporary Art Makers Under 40 You Should Know,[11] Na Owusu be 2013 MacDowell Colony Fellow[12] den 2015 Guggenheim Fellow.[13]

For 2020 insyd, Owusu receive de Lincoln Center Award for Emerging Artists[14] bestowed by Film for Lincoln Center.[15]

Indiewire describe Owusu ein shape-shifting film style:

Trafficking for de “complex contradictions” of blackness, displacement den memory, Owusu seamlessly transit between experimental cinema, fine art den African tradition so say ego create avant-garde films wey dey question de nature of identity.[16]

Ein permanent collections

Dem include ein work for de permanent collections of de Whitney Museum of American Art,[17] de Centre Georges Pompidou,[18] den de Fowler Museum for UCLA.[19]

Rex Cinema

For 2013 insyd, Owusu launch sam global Kickstarter initiative wey go ‘Save the Rex’![20][21][22] De Rex Cinema be one of Ghana ein oldest cinema houses. During sam tym of political insecurity for Ghana insyd for de 60s, 70s den 80s, na sam decline dey for Arts insyd. Dem close all of de cinema houses down for de wake of military coups den curfews. Owusu try save Rex Cinema for de purpose say she go preserve cinema houses.[23] For 2016 insyd, Owusu develop sam screenplay wey edey base on ein global campaign give Save de Rex Cinema[24][25][26] for Ghana insyd for de Camargo Foundation wey dey Cassis, France.[27][28] For 2017 insyd, De Guardian announce say na Owusu dey work for sam part-real life, part-fictionalized feature film about ein campaign so say ego restore de historic Rex cinema.[29]

Ein international accomplishments

For 2015 insyd, Two films wey Owusu direct den produce na ebi critics' picks for Artforum magazine insyd.[30]

Na Owusu ein film Reluctantly Queer be one of critics’ best films of 2016 for Sight den Sound, sam monthly film magazine wey British Film Institute (BFI) publish am.[31]

For 2016 insyd, Britain's Royal African Society name Owusu as demma Human of de Week den South Africa's Elle (magazine) too as one of 50 incredible women.[32]

For 2017 insyd, dem name am for Dazed magazine insyd as one of ten experimental filmmakers wey dey tackle de world ein big topics.[33]

For 2018 insyd, Cobo Center commission Owusu say make she produce sam video installation along Jefferson den Washington avenues for downtown Detroit, Michigan during Black History Month.[34]

Goethe-Institut Vila Sul award Owusu sam artist-in-residence for Salvador wey dey Bahia Brazil, for 2018 insyd, along plus celebrated British installation artist den filmmaker Isaac Julien.[35]

Owusu participate as distinguished juror for de 57th annual Ann Arbor Film Festival wey she present sam special program wey dem dedicate for ein body of work.[36]

For 2019 insyd, she lead sam workshop for filmmakers, critics den researchers for Triple Consciousness for Cinema Camp[37] wey be annual four-day long summer event wey Meno Avilys Film Center dey organize wey dem dey base for Vilnius wey dey Lithuania.[38]

Owusu ein film White Afro[39] receive de Premio Medien Patent Verwaltung AG prize for Pardi di domani (Leopards of Tomorrow) section of de 2019 Locarno Festival[40][41] for Switzerland. Dem subtitle de film for three central European languages insyd.

Owusu ein film Pelourinho: They Don't Really Care About Us na ebi one of critics’ best films of 2019 for Sight den Sound magazine wey British Film Institute (BFI) publish insyd.[42]

Ein selected exhibitions

  • 2020: Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle at the Museum of Modern Art Documentary Fortnight[43]
  • 2019: Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle at Contemporary Arts Center (New Orleans)[44]
  • 2019: Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle at Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts[45]
  • 2019: Between Three Worlds: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at REDCAT[46]
  • 2019: Triple Consciousness: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts[47]
  • 2019: Sala de Video: Akosua Adoma Owusu at the São Paulo Museum of Art[48][49]
  • 2019: Triple Consciousness: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Institute for Contemporary Art, Richmond[50]
  • 2019: Screening: Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago[51]
  • 2018: Triple Consciousness at BOZAR, Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels;[52]
  • 2018: African Twilight at the Bowers Museum;[53]
  • 2018: Fragments of a Dream at the McNay Art Museum;[54]
  • 2018: Screening and Conversation with Director Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Fowler Museum at UCLA;[55][56]
  • 2017: Akosua Adoma Owusu and Bus Nut at the Atlanta Contemporary Art Center;[57]
  • 2016: Making Africa: Akosua Adoma Owusu at Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona[58][59]
  • 2016: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at Tabakalera[60]
  • 2016: Encuentro con Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León[61]
  • 2016: L'évènement Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Centre Georges Pompidou[62]
  • 2016: Triple Consciousness at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston[63][64]
  • 2016: Dreamlands: Immersive Cinema and Art, 1905–2016 at the Whitney Museum of American Art[65][66]
  • 2015: Modern Mondays: An Evening with Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Museum of Modern Art[67]
  • 2015: Existential Crisis at the Rochester Art Center[68]
  • 2015: America Is Hard to See at the Whitney Museum of American Art[69][70]
  • 2015: The Art of Hair in Africa at the Fowler Museum at UCLA[71]
  • 2015: Two Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at Art and Practice[72]  in association with the Hammer Museum[73]
  • 2015: Do/Tell at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia[74]
  • 2014: Prospect.3: Notes for Now New Orleans Triennial[75]
  • 2013: Films by Akosua Adoma Owusu at the Moderna Museet[76]
  • 2012: Fore at the Studio Museum in Harlem[77]
  • 2012: The Bearden Project at the Studio Museum in Harlem[78][79]
  • 2011: VideoStudio: Changing Same at the Studio Museum in Harlem[80]
  • 2011: Quadruple Consciousness at the Vox Populi (art gallery)[81]
  • 2009: 30 Seconds Off an Inch at the Studio Museum in Harlem[82]
  • 2009: Me Broni Ba at the Museum of Modern Art Documentary Fortnight[83]

Ein awards den nominations

Year Award Work Category Result Ref.
2005 Virginia Film Festival Ajube Kete Ken Jacobs Award for Best Experimental Short Film Chop
2008 Berlin International Film Festival Me Broni Ba/My White Baby Berlinale Talent Campus Chop
2008 California Institute of the Arts Good Hair Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences Grant Chop
2008 Detroit Docs Intermittent Delight Most Progressive Filmmaker Award Chop
2008 Mexico International Film Festival Me Broni Ba/My White Baby Silver Palm Award Chop
2009 Athens International Film and Video Festival Me Broni Ba/My White Baby Best Documentary Short Chop
2009 Chicago Underground Film Festival Me Broni Ba/My White Baby Best Documentary Short Chop
2010 Robert J. Flaherty Film Seminar Work Featured Artist Chop
2010 Real Life Documentary Festival Me Broni Ba/My White Baby Special Jury Mention, Best Short Film Chop
2011 Black Maria Film Festival Drexciya Jury's Citation Prize Chop
2011 African Film Festival, Tarifa Drexciya Special Jury Mention Chop
2011 Expresión en Corto International Film Festival Drexciya Best Experimental Short Chop
2012 Focus Features Africa First Kwaku Ananse Production Grant Chop
2012 Creative Capital Foundation Black Sunshine Film/Video Grant Chop
2012 Art Matters Foundation Kwaku Ananse Post-Production Grant Chop
2013 Ann Arbor Film Festival Split Ends, I Feel Wonderful Most Promising Filmmaker Prize Chop
2013 Berlin International Film Festival Kwaku Ananse Golden Bear Best Short Film Dem nominate am
2013 Africa Movie Academy Award Kwaku Ananse Best Short Film Chop
2013 Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma Kwaku Ananse Best Short Film of the Year Chop
2013 Arte International Prize Black Sunshine Development Grant Chop
2013 MacDowell Colony Fellowship Black Sunshine Screenwriting Grant Chop
2014 Berlin International Film Festival Black Sunshine Production Grant Chop
2015 Association Cinémas et Cultures d'Afrique Kwaku Ananse Special Jury Mention Chop
2015 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Black Sunshine Guggenheim Fellowship Chop
2015 Tribeca Film Institute Black Sunshine Tribeca All Access Development Grant Chop
2016 Berlin International Film Festival Reluctantly Queer Golden Bear for Best Short Film Dem nominate am
2016 Berlin International Film Festival Reluctantly Queer Teddy Award for Best Short Film Dem nominate am
2016 Baltimore International Black Film Festival Reluctantly Queer Audience Award for Best International Short Film Chop
2016 The Camargo Foundation Save the Rex Travel Grant Chop
2017 Africa Movie Academy Award On Monday of Last Week Best Short Film Dem nominate am
2018 Pratt Institute On Monday of Last Week Mellon Research Grant Chop
2018 International Short Film Festival Oberhausen Oberhausen Film Seminar Featured Artist Chop
2018 Goethe-Institut Vila Sul Salvador-Bahia Black Sunshine Artist-in-Residence Chop
2018 Cobo Center Marquee Video Art Series Intermittent Delight John S. and James L. Knight Foundation Chop
2019 Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts Akosua Adoma Owusu: Welcome to the Jungle The Westridge Foundation Chop

Ein filmography

Filmography

Year Film Role
2005 Ajube Kete writer, director, producer, cinematographer
2006 Tea 4 Two director, producer, cinematographer
2007 Intermittent Delight director, producer, cinematographer
2008 Revealing Roots actress, director, producer
2008 Boyant: A Michael Jordan in a Speedo is Far Beyond the Horizon actress, producer
2009 Me Broni Ba director, producer, cinematographer
2010-11 Drexciya director, producer, cinematographer
2012 Split Ends, I Feel Wonderful director, producer
2013 Kwaku Ananse writer, director, producer
2015 Bus Nut director, producer, cinematographer
2016 Reluctantly Queer director, producer, cinematographer
2017 On Monday of Last Week writer, director, producer
2018 Mahogany Too director, producer, cinematographer
2019 Pelourinho: They Don’t Really Care About Us director, producer, cinematographer
2019 White Afro director, producer, cinematographer
2020 King of Sanwi director, producer, cinematographer
in production Black Sunshine (feature film) writer, director, producer

Further reading

  • Owusu, Akosua Adoma, and Adwoa Adu-Gyamfi. Me broni ba. New York, NY: Cinema Guild (2009).
  • Baron, Jaimie. Inappropriate Bodies: Contemporary Filmmakers Challenging Gender Constructions through Appropriation. [1] UCLA Center for the Study of Women (2009).
  • Birchall, Danny. Things Said Again (2010) Film Quarterly Volume 63, Issue 3, pg. 55-57
  • Nelmes, Jill. Introduction to Film Studies (2012) [2]
  • Dovey, Lindiwe. African Feminist Engagements with Film (2012) [3], p. 18-23.
  • Mask, Mia, Contemporary Black American Cinema: Race, Gender and Sexuality at the Movies (2012).
  • Kendall, Nzingha, Commentary: Haunting in Akosua Adoma Owusu's Short Experimental Films (2013). Black Camera
  • Agyeman, Erica. Akosua Adoma Owusu: Exploring 'Threeness, The International Review of African American Art 24.3 (2013), 11–13.
  • Prabhu, Anjali. Contemporary Cinema of Africa and the Diaspora [4] (2014).
  • Laderman, David. Sampling Media [5] (2014).
  • UNESCO. Égalité des genres: patrimoine et créativité [6] (2014).
  • Ellerson, Beti. Gaze Regimes: Film And Feminisms In Africa (2015) [7]
  • Johnson, Elizabeth. Female Narratives in Nollywood Melodramas (2016) [8], p. 113.
  • Kelly, Gabrielle. Celluloid Ceiling: Women Film Directors Breaking Through (2018) [9]
  • Lené Hole, Kristin. Film Feminisms: A Global Introduction [10] (2018).
  • Bisschoff, Lizelle. Women in African Cinema: Beyond the Body Politic. [11] (2019).
  • Nyeck, S.N. Routledge Handbook of Queer African Studies [12] (2019).
  • Williams, James S. Ethics and Aesthetics in Contemporary African Cinema: The Politics of Beauty [13] (2019).
  • Dasilva, Dax. Age of Union: Igniting The Changemaker [14] (2020).
  • Huberman, Anthony. Abbas to Yuki: Writing Alongside Exhibitions [15] (2020).

References

  1. https://www.artforum.com/interviews/akosua-adoma-owusu-talks-about-triple-consciousness-79725
  2. https://www.cinema.utoronto.ca/events/aesthetics-triple-consciousness-interdisciplinary-approaches-films-akosua-adoma-owusu
  3. https://blog.calarts.edu/2010/07/21/40-festivals-and-counting-me-broni-ba-my-white-baby-on-the-film-circuit/
  4. https://cinema.usc.edu/directories/profile.cfm?id=35474&first=&last=&title=&did=17&referer=%2Fcriticalstudies%2Ffaculty.cfm&startpage=1&startrow=1
  5. https://magazine.arts.virginia.edu/stories/hoos-for-art-adoma
  6. http://store.cinemaguild.com/nontheatrical/product/2358.html
  7. https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Art-of-Hair-Press-Release-_Final_rev-4-17-15.pdf (PDF). Fowler Museum UCLA. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
  8. https://www.nga.gov/content/dam/ngaweb/calendar/film/pdfs/2011/ngafilm-2011-spring.pdf
  9. http://www.lisahillart.com/2011/05/screening-me-broni-ba/
  10. http://dennis-lim.com/
  11. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/26/black-artists-under-40-contemporary-painters-sculptors-performance-race-representation-art_n_2725639.html
  12. https://www.macdowellcolony.org/artists/akosua-adoma-owusu
  13. http://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/akosua-adoma-owusu/
  14. http://aboutlincolncenter.org/press-room/release/1213?category_id=recent
  15. https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Photo-Flash-BE-MORE-CHILL-Producer-Jennifer-Ashley-Tepper-and-More-Receive-2020-Emerging-Artist-Awards-at-Lincoln-Center-20200227
  16. http://www.indiewire.com/article/6-avant-garde-female-filmmakers-who-redefined-cinema-20151007
  17. http://collection.whitney.org/artist/14667/AkosuaAdomaOwusu
  18. https://web.archive.org/web/20201103123126/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/agenda/event.action?param.id=FR_R-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87&param.idSource=FR_E-fe46d1a3df9ce4b6ad849cd7721fb87
  19. https://curate.la/event.php?id=3781
  20. https://vimeo.com/81255397
  21. https://au.news.yahoo.com/filmmaker-battles-to-save-historic-ghana-cinema-19978618.html
  22. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AuEwUkOmsno&feature=c4-overview&list=UU86dbj-lbDks_hZ5gRKL49Q
  23. https://africasacountry.com/2013/11/reimagining-ghanas-cinemaspace
  24. https://www.opinion-internationale.com/2014/02/04/ghana-la-jeune-realisatrice-americano-ghaneenne-akosua-adoma-owusu-fait-revivre-le-rex-cinema_22035.html
  25. http://news.kuwaittimes.net/pdf/2013/nov/23/p24.pdf
  26. https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/26491/politique/ghana-une-realisatrice-se-bat-pour-sauver-le-cinema-rex/
  27. http://camargofoundation.org/programs/partnership-programs/jerome-foundation/art-matters/2016/akosua-adoma-owusu/
  28. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5734222/?ref_=nm_knf_i4
  29. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/06/accra-60-independence-birthday-parade-arts-colonisation-ghana
  30. http://artforum.com/picks/id=56161
  31. http://www.bfi.org.uk/best-films-2016
  32. http://whatsonafrica.org/whats-trending-014/
  33. http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/34976/1/filmmakers-experimenting-with-big-subjects
  34. https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20180309/news/654786/video-game-art-dances-across-cobo-center-marquee-as-part-of-yearlong
  35. https://www.goethe.de/ins/br/en/sta/sal/ueb/vil/ako.html
  36. https://www.aafilmfest.org/post/2019/02/21/black-history-month
  37. https://web.archive.org/web/20210418054211/https://www.cinema.camp/en
  38. https://www.zmones.lt/naujiena/is-ganos-kilusi-rezisiere-a-a-owusu-mes-afrikos-filmu-kurejai-turime-pasiulyti-kinui-kazka-autentisko.87280837-b99f-11e9-a421-aa000054c883
  39. https://web.archive.org/web/20190819042347/https://www.locarnofestival.ch/en/pardo/program/archive/2019/film?fid=1111691&eid=72&
  40. https://www.rsi.ch/news/vita-quotidiana/ciak-news/Il-programma-completo-della-67esima-edizione-1461910.html/BINARY/Il%20programma%20completo%20della%2067esima%20edizione
  41. https://variety.com/2012/film/news/locarno-open-doors-to-sub-saharan-africa-1118053160/
  42. https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/polls-surveys/annual-round-ups/best-films-2019-all-votes#BeccaVoelcker
  43. https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/6387
  44. https://cacno.org/welcometothejungle
  45. https://wattis.org/view?id=687
  46. https://web.archive.org/web/20220516084645/https://www.redcat.org/event/between-three-worlds-films-akosua-adoma-owusu
  47. http://www.sfcinematheque.org/screenings/triple-consciousness-films-by-akosua-adoma-owusu/
  48. https://masp.org.br/en/exhibitions/video-room-akosua-adoma-owusu
  49. https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/204006/histrias-afro-atlnticas/
  50. https://icavcu.org/films/short-film-showcase-akosua-adoma-owusu/
  51. https://mcachicago.org/Calendar/2019/01/Screening-Akosua-Adoma-Owusu
  52. https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055234/https://www.bozar.be/en/activities/147402-triple-consciousness
  53. https://www.bowers.org/index.php/component/yendifevents/event/1735-kwaku-ananse-screening-and-live-performance-by-baba-the-storyteller
  54. https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150923/https://www.mcnayart.org/exhibitions/upcoming/fragments-of-a-dream
  55. https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/events/screening-conversation-monday-last-week-akosua-adoma-owusu/
  56. https://www.gf.org/news/events/akosua-adoma-owusu/
  57. https://atlantacontemporary.org/exhibitions/akosua-adoma-owusu
  58. http://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/akosua-adoma-owusu/223091
  59. http://www.cccb.org/en/activities/file/new-voices-of-african-cinema-akosua-adoma-owusu/223059
  60. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052826/https://www.tabakalera.eu/en/akosua-adoma-owusu
  61. http://www.laguiago.com/evento/encuentro-akosua-adoma-owusu-musac/
  62. https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150435/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/resource/c45yK9a/rx5XKMR
  63. https://www.cinemahtx.org/3889-2/
  64. https://www.cinemahtx.org/introduction-to-the-2016-program/
  65. https://whitney.org/Events/Afrofuturism
  66. https://web.archive.org/web/20201028032813/https://whitney.org/Events/PainRevisited
  67. https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/1621
  68. http://rochesterartcenter.org/exhibition/akosua-adoma-owusu/
  69. https://whitney.org/Exhibitions/AmericaIsHardToSee
  70. http://blog.calarts.edu/2015/04/20/calartians-named-2015-guggenheim-fellows/
  71. https://www.fowler.ucla.edu/exhibitions/fowler-focus-art-hair-africa/
  72. https://web.archive.org/web/20200603163249/https://www.artandpractice.org/public-programs/in-conversation-njideka-akunyili-crosby-and-akosua-adoma-owusu-with-jamillah-james/
  73. https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2015/09/off-site-program-in-conversation-njideka-akunyili-crosby-and-akosua-adoma-owusu/
  74. https://icaphila.org/exhibitions/do-tell-erin-bernard-heather-hart-rachelle-mozman-and-akosua-adoma-owusu/
  75. https://www.artforum.com/inprint/issue=201501&id=49428
  76. https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/sv/aktiviteter/cinemafrica-filmfestival/
  77. https://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1546O9V395595.39270&profile=liball&source=~!silibraries&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!1025889~!1&ri=2&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=akosua+adoma+owusu&index=GW&uindex=&aspect=Keyword&menu=search&ri=2
  78. http://gailgregg.com/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/Beardenmania.pdf
  79. https://www.worldcat.org/title/bearden-project/oclc/841590034
  80. https://web.archive.org/web/20181230025935/https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/videostudio/changing-same
  81. http://voxpopuligallery.org/exhibitions/quadruple-consciousness/
  82. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/arts/design/11inch.html
  83. http://press.moma.org/wp-content/press-archives/PRESS_RELEASE_ARCHIVE/DocMonth_Release.pdf (PDF). Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2009-02-01.