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A hyena, as depicted in the Aberdeen Bestiary

Buda (Ge'ez: ቡዳ), wɔ Ethiopiafoɔ ne Eritreafoɔ amammerɛ som mu no, yɛ aniwa bɔne no tumi ne tumi a etumi sesa ma ɛbɛyɛ hyena. Buda yɛ tumi a bɛ a bɛwɔ asetra mu kuo foforɔ mu no kura na bɛde di dwuma, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ, wɔ Beta Israel anaa dadeɛ adwumayɛfoɔ mu.[1][2] Gyidie he nso sane wɔ Sudan, Tanzania, ne Berbers of Morocco.[3]

Gyidi a bɛwɔ wɔ aniwa bɔne, anaa buda ho he da so ara atrɛw wɔ Ethiopia.[4] Afoforɔ taa ka Beta Israel, anaa Ethiopia Yudafoɔ ho asɛm sɛ bɛwɔ buda.[2] Bɛ taa ka mmusua afoforɔ te sɛ dadeɛ adwumayɛfoɔ ho asɛm sɛ bɛde buda,[1] Amharic asɛmfua a bɛde gyina hɔ ma nsaano adwumayɛfoɔ; tabib, nso bɛde kyerɛ "obi a n'ani yɛ bɔne - (one with the evil eye)."[5] Wogye di sɛ tumi bɔne a bɛ kyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ tabib he mu no te sɛ abayifoɔ de no ara pɛ.[1]

Sɛnea bɛ kyerɛ sɛ Buda abu so wɔ abɔntenefoɔ mu no ne atetesɛm mu gyidi a ɛne sɛ aniwa bɔne nnome ankasa fi ahoɔyao mu he wɔ abusuabɔ. Sɛnea ɛte no, ebia bɛ a bɛ kyerɛ sɛ bɛ wɔ tumi a ɛwɔ buda no bɛyɛ saa esiane ahonhom a bɛ yɛ mmarimayɛfoɔ nti. Nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ sɛ wogye di sɛ "honhommɔne na ɛhyɛ bɛ dene".[6] Niall Finneran kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea "adebɔ ho adwene a ɛfa nkonyaayi ho no gyina adwene a nsaanodwumayɛfo wɔ wɔ Ethiopia ne Afrika tebea a ɛtrɛw mu no so. Mpɛn pii no, wɔanya saa ahokokwaw ahodoɔ yi mfiaseɛ he afi bɔne fibea bi a ɛyɛ ade baako mu denam agya abusua he so, nmom te sɛ Faustian apam."[1] Tumi a aniwa bɔne he wɔ no ma nea okura he sesa bɛyɛ hyena, na ɛma otumi tow hyɛ obi foforɔ so bere a ɔde ne nipasu sie no.[6]

Ethiopia ne Eritrea Kristofoɔ binom kura amulet anaa talisman, a wonim he sɛ kitab, anaasɛ bɛ bɔ Onyankopɔn dini de bɔ buda nkɛntɛnsoɔ bɔne ho bane.[7] Ɛka bere a ɔyɛ ɔsɔfoɔ a bɛankyerɛ no ne/anaasɛ asɔremma a wasua nwoma a ɔyɛ atetesɛm mu nnuruyɛ ne ɔtɔ mmere bi a nkonyaayi he na ɛyɛ saa ahobammɔ anaa talisman ahodoɔ yi.[1][6]

Ethiopia Ortodɔks asɔfoɔ a bɛayi bɛ afi afiaseɛ nso kɔ so de bɛ ho gye mu na wogyina bɛ a wogye di sɛ adaemone anaa buda ayɛ bɛ ayayade no ananmu yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu.[6] Bɛde nnipa a bɛte saa ba asɔredane anaa mpaebɔ nhyiam bi aseɛ. Amsalu Geleta, wɔ nnɛyi nsɛm mu nhwehwɛmu bi mu no, fa nneɛma bi a ɛtaa ba Ethiopia Kristofoɔ a bɛyɛ nneɛma a bɛde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so ho asɛm:

Nea ɛka ho ne ayeyi ne nkonimdie nnwom a bɛ to, Kyerɛwnsɛm no akenkane, mpaebɔ ne honhom a bɛde hyia wɔ Yesu dini mu. Nkɔmmɔbɔ a bɛ ne honhom he yɛ ade foforɔ a ɔho hia wɔ exorcism guasodeyɛ no mu. Ɛboa ɔfotufoɔ (ɔhwɛfoɔ) ma ohu sɛnea na honhom no reyɛ adwuma wɔ ɔbonsam asetra mu. Nea bɛ ayɛ no bɔne he si nsɛnkyerɛnne ne nsɛm a esisii a honhom no kaa ho asɛm wɔ ogye akyi he so dua. - (It includes singing praise and victory songs, reading from the Scripture, prayer and confronting the spirit in the name of Jesus. Dialogue with the spirit is another important part of the exorcism ceremony. It helps the counselor (exorcist) to know how the spirit was operating in the life of the demoniac. The signs and events mentioned by the spirit are affirmed by the victim after deliverance.)

Ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na exorcism no di yiye, na Geleta hyɛ nhwɛso foforo a akwan a wɔtaa fa so no ankosi hwee wɔ mu no nsow, na adaemone no gyaw asɛm no akyiri yi. Sɛnea ɛte biara no, "wɔ nsɛm nyinaa mu no, wɔmfa din foforo biara nhyɛ honhom no sɛ Yesu din."[6]

Nsɛm a bɛde gyinaa so

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Finneran, Niall (2003). "Ethiopian Evil Eye Belief and the Magical Symbolism of Iron Working". Folklore. 114. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  2. 1 2 Wagaw, Teshome G. For Our Soul: Ethiopian Jews in Israel. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 1993.
  3. ↑ Woodward, Ian (1979). The Werewolf Delusion. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-448-23170-9.
  4. ↑ Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". A Country Study: Ethiopia. Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds. Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1991.
  5. ↑ Beckwith, Carol, Angela Fisher, and Graham Hancock. African Ark. New York: Henry N. Abrams, Inc., 1990.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Geleta, Amsalu Tadesse. "Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches". Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, Nairobi, August 2000.
  7. ↑ Kemp, Charles. "Ethiopians & Eritreans." Refugee Health – Immigrant Health. Waco, TX: Baylor University.

Nsɛm afoforɔ a bɛ betumi akenkan

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  • Hagar Salamon, The hyena people: Ethiopian Jews in Christian Ethiopia, University of California Press, 1999, Template:ISBN.
  • Reminick, Ronald A. 1974. The evil eye belief among the Amhara of Ethiopia. Ethnology 13:279-291.
  • Reminick, Ronald A. 1976. The evil eye belief among the Amhara of Ethiopia. The Evil Eye, Clarence Maloney, ed., pp 85–101. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Vecchiato, Norberto. 1994. Evil Eye, Health Beliefs, and Social Tensions among the Sidama. In New Trends in Ethiopian Studies: Papers of the 12th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Harold Marcus, ed., vol 2, 1033–1043. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea Press.
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