Template:Wp/isv/Kartka vulgerod
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| Vuglerod | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alotropne formy | grafit, diamant i druge (sm. Alotropne formy vugleroda) | |||||
| Izgled | grafit: črny diamant: prozračny | |||||
| Standartna atomna masa Ar°(C) | [12.0096, 12.0116][1] | |||||
| Vuglerod v periodičnoj sistemě | ||||||
| ||||||
| Atomny nomer (Z) | 6 | |||||
| Elektronična konfiguracija | [He] 2s2 2p2 | |||||
| Elektronov v povlakě | 2, 4 | |||||
| Fizične svojstva | ||||||
| Faza pri STP | tvrda | |||||
| Točka sublimacije | 3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F) | |||||
| Gustota (pri k.t.) | amorfny: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[2] grafit: 2.267 g/cm3 diamant: 3.515 g/cm3 | |||||
| Teplo topjenja | grafit: 117 kDž/mol | |||||
| Molarna teplotna kapacita | grafit: 8.517 Dž/(mol·K) diamant: 6.155 Dž/(mol·K) | |||||
| Atomne svojstva | ||||||
| Stupenj okyslenja | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[3] +2, +3,[4] +4[5] (slegka kysly oksid) | |||||
| Elektronegativnost | škala Paulinga: 2.55 | |||||
| Ionizačne energiji |
| |||||
| Kovalentny radius | sp3: 77 pm sp2: 73 pm sp: 69 pm | |||||
| Van-der-Vaalsov radius | 170 pm | |||||
| Druge svojstva | ||||||
| Kristalična struktura | grafit: prosta heksagonalna (črny) | |||||
| Kristalična struktura | diamant: obrubocentrovana diamantova kubična (prozračny) | |||||
| Bystrost zvuka tonky prut | diamant: 18,350 m/s (pri 20 °C) | |||||
| Termično razširenje | diamant: 0.8 µm/(m⋅K) (pri 25 °C)[6] | |||||
| Teploprovodivost | grafit: 119–165 W/(m⋅K) diamant: 900–2300 W/(m⋅K) | |||||
| Električno suprotivjenje | grafit: 7.837 µΩ⋅m[7] | |||||
| Magnetično oporedčanje | Diamagnetik[8] | |||||
| Molarna magnetična poddavajemost | −5.9·10−6 (grafit) cm3/mol[9] | |||||
| Modul Jounga | diamant: 1050 GPa[6] | |||||
| Modul sdviga | diamant: 478 GPa[6] | |||||
| Modul pružnosti | diamant: 442 GPa[6] | |||||
| Odnošenje Puasona | diamant: 0.1[6] | |||||
| Tvrdost po Mosu | grafit: 1–2 diamant: 10 | |||||
| Nomer CAS | 7440-44-0 | |||||
| Historija | ||||||
| Byl odkryty | egyptanami i šumerijcami[10] (3750 prěd n.e.) | |||||
| Uznavany elementom | Antuanom Lavuazjerom[11] (1789) | |||||
Template:Main otherTemplate:Kartka element/symbol-to--overview1
- ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
- ↑ Lide, D. R., red. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th izd.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Data dostupa: 6 dekembra 2007.
- ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Data dostupa: 6 dekembra 2007.
- ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Data dostupa: 6 dekembra 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
- ↑ "Material Properties- Misc Materials". www.nde-ed.org. Data dostupa: 12 novembra 2016.
- ↑ "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press" (PDF).
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. str. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Data dostupa: 12 septembra 2008.
- ↑ Senese, Fred (9 septembra 2000). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Data dostupa: 24 novembra 2007.
Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as
- <ref name="CRC" /> for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
- <ref name="triple2" /> for the source by Haaland
- <ref name="triple3" /> for the Savvatimskiy
- <ref name="ioffe" /> for the Ioffe Institute Database
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